Background of the Study
School feeding programs have emerged as an innovative intervention to address both educational and nutritional challenges in developing countries. In Nigeria, these programs are designed to improve student health, increase enrollment, and enhance learning outcomes by providing regular, nutritious meals to children in public schools. Between 2023 and 2025, the Nigerian government, in collaboration with international donors and non-governmental organizations, has expanded school feeding initiatives, particularly in regions with high poverty rates (Eze, 2023). The rationale behind these programs is twofold: to combat malnutrition and to serve as an incentive for increased school attendance.
Evidence suggests that students who receive regular meals are more likely to attend school consistently, as improved nutrition enhances concentration and overall cognitive function (Oluwaseun, 2024). School feeding programs also have broader social benefits by alleviating short-term hunger and contributing to long-term improvements in academic performance. Furthermore, these programs can stimulate local economies by sourcing food from nearby farmers, thereby supporting community development and fostering sustainable agricultural practices (Adeniyi, 2023).
Despite their potential benefits, the implementation of school feeding programs in Nigeria faces several challenges. Inconsistent funding, logistical difficulties, and regional disparities in program quality have limited their overall impact. Some schools report interruptions in meal delivery, which undermines the credibility and effectiveness of the initiative. Additionally, the success of these programs depends on effective coordination among government agencies, local communities, and international partners. The current study seeks to examine the impact of school feeding programs on student enrollment rates and to identify the key factors that contribute to or hinder their success.
Statement of the Problem
While school feeding programs have the potential to boost enrollment and improve educational outcomes, their implementation in Nigeria has been marred by various challenges. One major issue is the inconsistency in program delivery, particularly in rural and economically disadvantaged regions. Interruptions in meal provision due to funding shortfalls or logistical failures have led to skepticism among communities, thereby diminishing the incentive for regular school attendance (Balogun, 2023).
Furthermore, there is insufficient data on the direct relationship between school feeding initiatives and enrollment trends. Many schools continue to experience low enrollment despite the introduction of feeding programs, suggesting that other socio-economic factors may also play a significant role. The lack of a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation system further complicates efforts to assess the true impact of these programs. Additionally, operational challenges such as inadequate infrastructure for food storage and distribution, coupled with poor coordination among stakeholders, contribute to the uneven implementation of the program (Okafor, 2024).
This study aims to critically investigate the effectiveness of school feeding programs in increasing student enrollment in Nigeria. It will analyze enrollment data, conduct interviews with school administrators and parents, and evaluate the consistency and quality of meal delivery across different regions. Addressing these issues is vital for designing interventions that ensure reliable program implementation and maximize the benefits of school feeding initiatives on both educational and nutritional outcomes.
Objectives of the Study
Research Questions
Research Hypotheses
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on public schools in select Nigerian states from 2020 to 2025. Data will be obtained from enrollment records, program reports, and interviews. Limitations include regional data variability and potential biases in self-reported information.
Definitions of Terms
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